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Sains Malaysiana 54(7)(2025): 1835-1846
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5407-16
Integrating Microfluidics and 3D Bioprinting for Advanced in vitro Tissue and Organ Models
(Mengintegrasikan Mikrobendalir dan Pencetakan Bio 3D untuk Tisu in
vitro dan Model Organ Termaju)
WEI FU1,
SHAHARIAR CHOWDHURY2, SIEW XIAN CHIN3 & ZHENYA YUAN4,*
1Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural
University, Nanchang, China
2Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University,
90110 Hatyai Songkhla, Thailand
3ASASIpintar Program, Pusat GENIUS@Pintar Negara,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
4Pathology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan
Medical University, Haikou, China
Diserahkan: 17 April 2025/Diterima:
22 Mei 2025
Abstract
Advances in tissue engineering
necessitate in vitro models that accurately replicate human organ
complexity. The limitations of conventional 2D cultures and animal models have
driven development of biomimetic platforms integrating microfluidics and 3D
bioprinting. Microfluidic technologies enable precise control of fluid
dynamics, nutrient delivery, and biochemical gradients at microscale, while 3D
bioprinting facilitates layer-by-layer fabrication of complex tissue
structures. This review examines design principles of microfluidic platforms,
highlighting organ-on-a-chip and tumor-on-a-chip applications demonstrating
controlled perfusion advantages. We analyze major bioprinting modalities,
extrusion, inkjet, laser-assisted, and stereolithography, evaluating their
suitability for specific tissue engineering applications. The review describes
integration strategies, including direct cell bioprinting into microfluidic
channels and using microfluidic molds for bioprinted constructs, which enhance
vascularization and perfusion. We explore bioink advancements focusing on
printability, mechanical properties, and stimulus-responsiveness (4D
bioprinting). Finally, we address critical research directions: resolution
enhancement, hierarchical vascular network development, AI-driven optimization,
and regulatory standardization to facilitate clinical translation. This
synthesis of current achievements and future directions aims to guide
development of sophisticated in vitro models for disease modeling, drug
discovery, and personalized medicine.
Keywords: Biomimetic models; microfluidics;
organ-on-a-chip; tissue engineering; 3D bioprinting
Abstrak
Kemajuan dalam kejuruteraan tisu
memerlukan model in vitro yang mereplikasi kerumitan organ manusia
dengan tepat. Keterbatasan kultur 2D konvensional dan model haiwan telah
mendorong pembangunan platform biomimetik yang menyepadukan mikrobendalir dan
pencetakan bio 3D. Teknologi mikrobendalir membolehkan kawalan tepat ke atas
dinamik bendalir, penghantaran nutrien dan kecerunan biokimia pada skala mikro,
manakala pencetakan bio 3D memudahkan fabrikasi lapisan demi lapisan bagi
struktur tisu kompleks. Penyelidikan ini mengkaji prinsip reka bentuk platform mikrobendalir,
menyerlahkan aplikasi organ-on-a-chip dan tumor-on-a-chip yang
menunjukkan kelebihan perfusi terkawal. Kami menganalisis modaliti pencetakan
bio utama, penyemperitan, pancutan dakwat, bantuan laser dan stereolitografi,
menilai kesesuaiannya untuk aplikasi kejuruteraan tisu tertentu. Penyelidikan ini
menerangkan strategi penyepaduan, termasuk pencetakan bio sel terus ke dalam
saluran mikrobendalir dan menggunakan acuan mikrobendalir untuk binaan biocetak
yang meningkatkan vaskularisasi dan perfusi. Kami meneroka kemajuan dakwat bio
yang memfokuskan pada kebolehcetakan, sifat mekanikal dan tindak balas
rangsangan (percetakan bio 4D). Akhir sekali, kami menangani arah penyelidikan
kritikal: peningkatan resolusi, pembangunan rangkaian vaskular hierarki,
pengoptimuman dipacu AI dan penyeragaman kawal selia untuk memudahkan
terjemahan klinikal. Sintesis pencapaian semasa dan hala tuju masa hadapan ini
bertujuan untuk membimbing pembangunan model in vitro yang canggih untuk
pemodelan penyakit, penemuan ubat dan perubatan yang diperibadikan.
Kata kunci: Kejuruteraan tisu; mikrobendalir;
model biomimetik; organ-on-a-chip; pencetakan bio 3D
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: yuanzhenyabdp@126.com
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